Impact of subnasal lip lift on lip aesthetic: a systematic review.

This study is to perform a systematic review of the literature on surgical correction of the upper lip in order to assess whether the subnasal lip lift technique improves lip aesthetics and maintains its stability. A systematic search was carried out using the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases, based on records published until July 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. In the absence of randomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case control and case series were considered eligible. Of the 464 articles initially found by the two reviewers, 4 were selected, with 2 retrospective cohorts and 2 case series. The results of the studies showed that 92.4% of subnasal lip lift cases were performed in women with an age range between 21 and 65 years (mean of 36.6 years). Only one of the 4 studies did not contain information regarding the sex and age of the patients. The bull's horn excision pattern for subnasal lip lift was used to perform the subnasal lip lift in 75% of the included studies. All studies pointed to an improvement in lip aesthetics after the subnasal lip lift, based on anthropometric measures and the degree of patient satisfaction while maintaining results for varying periods of time (from 12 to 59.1 months). The studies included in this review suggest that the subnasal lip lift improves lip aesthetics in adult patients and maintains its stability for a certain period of time.

Effect of Spondias mombin L. extract on the wettability, roughness, color and morphology of bovine enamel

Although Spondias mombin L. extract has an excellent antimicrobial effect against oral microorganisms, it should be clarified how it affects enamel surface properties. Aim: To evaluate the color change, wettability/contact angle, surface roughness and morphology of bovine enamel submitted to the Spondias mombin L. extract. Methods: Thirty bovine teeth were distributed into the following groups: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 1:32 Spondias mombin L. extract and distilled water. Color change (CC) was evaluated after immerging specimens into the solutions for 14 days. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a roughness meter; wettability/contact angles (CA) were determined by the sessile drop method, and scanning electron microscopy images were obtained to characterize the morphology (SMA). The pH of the solutions was evaluated using a pHmeter. The Ra, CA, and CC data were parametric (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; p>0.05). Two-way ANOVA (for Ra and CA) and one-way ANOVA (for CC) with Tukey's posthoc tests at a significance level of 5% were used. SMA was analyzed descriptively. Results: The Spondias mombin L. extract revealed an acidic pH, and when in contact with the bovine teeth, it increased the wettability, but it did not cause statistically significant differences in the Ra. Spondias mombin L. extract caused the highest color change. The SEM images showed differences in the specimens' surface submitted to the extract compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Spondias mombin L. extract provided negative effects on bovine enamel's surface, including a high color change and a more wettable substrate

Comparative analysis of the hemostatic, analgesic and healing effects of cyanoacrylate on free gingival graft surgical wounds in donor and recipient areas: a systematic review.

To analyze the hemostatic, Dsurgical wounds in donor and recipient areas of free gingival grafts (FGG). Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web of Science) were searched up to March 2021 (PROSPERO CRD42019134497). The focus of the study (cyanoacrylate) was combined with the condition (periodontal surgery OR free gingival graft OR free soft tissue graft OR autografts), and outcome (healing OR epithelialization OR pain OR analgesia OR bleeding OR hemostasis OR hemostatic). Studies reporting cyanoacrylate isolated or associated with another substance in FGG stabilization and closure were investigated and assessed for the quality and risk of bias through the Cochrane Manual. Six studies with 323 participants were included. Evaluation of the quality and risk of bias highlighted a low risk for four articles, intermediate for one and unclear for another. The use of cyanoacrylate associated or not with the hemostatic sponge or the platelet-rich fibrin was more effective in healing (three studies), analgesia (four studies), and hemostasis in one study (p < 0.05). However, groups with the association in cyanoacrylate showed superior healing, and analgesic action to the isolated cyanoacrylate group. In addition, two studies demonstrated that cyanoacrylate use reduces surgery duration, one study showed that it reduces postoperative sensibility, and another present hemostatic effect (p < 0.05). There is scarce literature for the use of cyanoacrylate in FGG wounds indicates that it can promote a minor inflammatory response, reduce operation time, does not interfere with healing, relieves postoperative discomfort, and suggests the possibility immediate hemostasis. Its use presents an alternative to suturing in FGG surgeries. But, the limited number of cases and the relative heterogeneity of the included studies suggest caution in generalizing the indication. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cyanoacrylate seems to present analgesic effects and less pain when applied to wound closure and covering donor and recipient areas reducing the need for postoperative analgesic medication; and has a healing effect in the closure of the donor area on the palate. In addition, it can reduce bleeding time after surgery, and prevents late bleeding during the first postsurgical week. Scientific justification: To evaluate the hemostatic, analgesic and healing actions of cyanoacrylate compared to the suture thread and other agents when used to close surgical wounds from periodontal free gingival graft surgical wounds in both the donor and recipient areas of the graft. MAIN FINDINGS: The use of cyanoacrylate individually or in association with wound dressing agents presents analgesic effects because the patient reports less pain experienced when cyanoacrylate is applied to the wound closure and covering, thereby reducing the need for postoperative analgesic medication. In addition, a healing effect is observed in the closure of the donor area on the palate; as well as it seems to present hemostatic effects, reducing the bleeding time after surgery, and preventing late bleeding during the first postsurgical week. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists may cautiously apply cyanoacrylate after periodontal surgeries for free gingival graft in both the donor and recipient areas of the graft. However, they must consider the limitations of the surgery, tension-free positioning, the patient's dyscrasia and postoperative care, constituting a set of predictors for adequate clinical decision-making. Widespread use of such material for all patients and surgical configurations may not be recommended.

Relationship of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the following PICO question: Are animals infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) more affected by neurodegeneration, similar to the pathogenesis generated by Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared with non-infected animals? METHODS: Databases PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for pre-clinical in vivo studies in which mice were infected with P. gingivalis or received Pg-LPS, in order to assess the brain tissue and cognitive impairment. No limit for date or publication language was imposed and this study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with nine articles included. Syrcle's protocol was used to evaluate bias in the selected studies. RESULTS: Nine articles were included. Infection by P. gingivalis or the administration of Pg-LPS increased the production of the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and IL-1ß (interleukin-1beta), augmented Aß (amyloid beta) production, and activated the complement system, causing inflammation, brain tissue degeneration, and cognitive impairment, consistent with the damage in AD. CONCLUSIONS: Infection by P. gingivalis and Pg-LPS administration appears to be in relation with the pathogenesis of AD by activating the complement cascade, increasing Aß production and augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, causing age-dependent brain inflammation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Taking into account the importance of holistic treatment in the dental office, this study focuses on identifying highly prevalent oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, as risk factors for the aggravation of degenerative diseases in the elderly population.

Caffeine Effect on Bone Metabolism in Rats: a Systematic Review

Abstract Caffeine is a highly-consumed substance around the world and can be found in various food sources and certain medications. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on bone metabolism in rats. A systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cocharane, Embase, and Clinical Trials.gov databases, and the Guidelines for Preferential Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) were followed. In vivo experimental studies that presented caffeine as the study object were included, and studies which did not evaluate the bone metabolism and/or evaluated the caffeine in association with other substances were excluded. The quality evaluation of the selected studies was carried out following the guidelines of the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) and the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE). Nine of the 472 initially identified articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative evaluation. There was a variation between the included studies regarding the administered caffeine doses in each experimental group, as well as their frequency and duration of ingestion. Most studies show that caffeine can interfere with bone metabolism, be it in a negative way by accelerating bone loss and delaying bone repair, or in a beneficial way by activating osteogenesis and bone neoformation. There is a need for further studies to better understand the real effect of caffeine on bone metabolism.

Effect of Adjunctive Probiotic Therapy on the Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases - A Systematic Review.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of probiotics on peri-implant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) and Science Direct were searched until September 2019. Three authors independently carried out this search, using the following search algorithm to explore databases using Boolean operators ("peri-implant diseases" OR "dental implants") AND ("probiotics" OR "lactobacillus"). Randomized clinical trials were included. No limits were applied to the year and articles were restricted to those in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. Review articles, reports of clinical cases and works without mention of the topic were excluded. RESULTS: Five randomized clinical trials were analyzed in the final review process. For the primary outcomes - Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP); and for the secondary outcames - plaque index, gingival index, gingival crevicular fluid and microbiological tests - no significant clinical effects of probiotics were observed. CONCLUSION: Probiotics could be used during the treatment of peri-implant diseases. However, the most appropriate form of probiotic administration or the effectiveness of this approach are still unclear. There is currently insufficient evidence to demonstrate the benefits of the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy in patients with peri-implant diseases.

Impact of orthognathic surgery on the treatment of gummy smile: an integrative review.

The gingival smile is considered unpleasant and can be treated in different ways according to its etiological factor. When caused by maxillary vertical growth excess, orthognathic surgery may be indicated to correct the vertical excess. The aim of this integrative review was to evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgery on the treatment of gingival smile. An electronic search was performed of the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The selection of studies was performed by two blinded reviewers. Firstly, studies were selected by reading the titles and the abstracts of articles. The references from each study selected were then searched to find articles that were not found in the electronic search. After reading the full-text articles, studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. A total of 667 studies were identified, but only 19 were selected for the integrative review after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected articles reported maxillary impaction from 2 to 10 mm, but this amount of superior repositioning of maxilla does not appear to be related to the initial gingival exposure described. Orthognathic surgery is not the first choice of treatment for gingival smile, but it appears to be a suitable therapy for other conditions in the same patient for improving a gummy smile by correction of gingival exposure.

Oral Health Implications of Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients: An Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: To identify the implications of bariatric surgery on the oral health of patients with morbid obesity. METHODS: Two reviewers independently performed a search of the electronic databases: MedLine, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Scopus, for clinical trials in humans and cohort studies. The search strategy used was Bariatric Surgery and Oral Health or Mouth Disease and Humans and Periodontitis. A total of 26 articles were obtained, and after title screening and full reading, 8 articles were included in this review. RESULTS: Increased food intake at shorter intervals and increased frequency of regurgitation in these patients were associated with the increased development of dental caries, dental erosion, and increased salivary flow rate. CONCLUSION: Intense oral control is recommended for the prevention and early treatment of these conditions and to avoid nonsystemic effects in these patients.

Efeito de diferentes colutórios sobre a microdureza de resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis / Effect of different mouthwashes on microhardness of photopolymerizable composite resins

Introdução: Na Odontologia, as resinas são utilizadas como materiais restauradores, para o restabelecimento da estética, da função e da forma dos dentes. Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro a microdureza das resinas Filtek Z350 XT® e Filtek Z250 XT®, submetidas ao contato direto quando expostas a colutórios. Material e método: Dez corpos de prova foram confeccionados em uma matriz de náilon, em dois incrementos, e foram fotoativados por 20 s. A homogeneidade da amostra foi verificada através dos testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, e uma variância paramétrica foi realizada (ANOVA) para a análise de significância, aplicando-se o teste de Tukey a fim de comparar os resultados (α=5%). Resultado: O maior valor médio foi apresentado pelo grupo G1 (Filtek Z350 XT- água destilada- controle) - 138,22(±21,8) e os menores valores foram do grupo G9 (Filtek Z250 XT- Solução de Camomila) - 87,12(±4,39) e do grupo G10 (Filtek Z250 XT- Solução de Romã) - 99,32(±11,10). A resina Filtek Z350 XT foi superior à resina Filtek Z250 XT (p=0,015). Conclusão: A resina Filtek Z350 XT apresentou melhores resultados quando estes foram comparados aos resultados da Filtek Z250 XT.

Introduction: In dentistry, resins are used as restorative materials for the reconstruction of aesthetics, function and shape of teeth. Aim: To evaluate in vitro the microhardness of Filtek Z350 XT® and Filtek Z250 XT® resins subjected to direct contact when exposed to mouthwashes. Material and method: Ten specimens were prepared in a nylon matrix in two increments and photoactivated for 20s. The homogeneity of the sample was verified through the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and a parametric variance was performed (ANOVA), and for Tukey significance analysis (α=5%). Result The highest mean value was presented by group G1 (Filtek Z350 XT- distilled water- control) - 138.22 (±21.8), and the least values ​​were from group G9 (Filtek Z250 XT- Chamomile Solution) - 87.12 (±4.39) and the G10 group (Filtek Z250 XT - Pomegranate solution) - 99.32 (±11.10). Filtek Z350 XT resin was superior to Filtek Z250 XT (p=0.015). Conclusion Filtek Z350 XT resin presented better results than Filtek Z250 XT.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cell Proliferation and Bcl-2 Expression in Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

Objective: To compare the rate of cell proliferation and expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 between drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) and clinical healthy gingiva (CHG) and to establish associations with histopathological features. Material and Methods: Twenty specimens of DIGO and 20 CHG specimens were submitted to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis by light microscopy. Cell proliferation (Ki-67) and the expression of Bcl-2 were evaluated in epithelial cells and spindle-shaped mononuclear cells of the connective tissue by establishing the labeling index (LI). Results: In epithelial tissue, the mean LI for Ki-67 was 17.2% in DIGO and 21.71% in CHG (p = 0.137). The mean LIs for Bcl-2 in epithelial tissue were 14.67% and 10.24% in DIGO and CHG, respectively (p = 0.026). In connective tissue, DIGO and CHG specimens exhibited low LIs for Ki-67 and Bcl-2, with mean values of less than 0.5% in both groups. No significant differences in the LIs for Ki-67 or Bcl-2 in epithelial tissue were observed according to the degree of collagenization, degree of vascularization and intensity of inflammatory infiltration (p > 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between the LIs for Ki-67 and Bcl-2 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The present results suggest that the pathogenesis of DIGO does not involve increased proliferation or decreased apoptosis of fibroblasts. On the other hand, the morphological pattern of elongated epithelial cristae observed in DIGO could mainly be due to the inhibition of keratinocyte apoptosis and not to increased proliferation of these cells.

Microinfiltração em restaurações de resina composta e sua relação com o ultrassom / Microleakage of composite resin restorations and its relationship with ultrasonic devices

As microinfiltrações em restaurações de resina composta constantemente são referidas como principal motivo de insucesso do procedimento restaurador. Com a necessidade de otimizar o tempo de atendimento aos pacientes e torná-lo menos desconfortável, passou-se a utilizar os aparelhos de ultrassom como instrumentos atuantes no auxílio de procedimentos de raspagem periodontal. Este artigo discorre sobre estudos na literatura que abordam a relação entre o uso da instrumentação ultrassônica em procedimentos periodontais e as deficiências no selamento marginal das restaurações em resina composta(AU)

Microleakage of composite resin restorations is consistently reported as the main reason for failure of this restorative procedure. Ultrasonic devices have been developed to reduce patient's chair time and to make periodontal scaling procedures less uncomfortable. This article discusses studies that address the relationship between the use of ultrasonic instrumentation used for periodontal procedures and failure of the marginal sealing of composite resin restorations(AU)

Clinical efficacy analysis of the mouth rinsing with pomegranate and chamomile plant extracts in the gingival bleeding reduction.

Medicinal plants represent important therapeutic resources to health restoration, including the use of herbal products in the mouth conditions treatment. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of mouth rinse with pomegranate and chamomile plant extracts, against chlorhexidine 0.12% in the gingiva bleeding condition. The mouth rinses with the herbal products were effective for this case, showing thus, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties similar to that of chlorhexidine 0.12%.

Use of cyanoacrylate in the coaptation of edges of surgical wounds.

Cyanoacrylate has been used in several fields of different surgical specialties as an adhesive for closure of gingival flaps and in mucous and cutaneous lacerations. One of its advantages is that it has an excellent immunological response. In view of aesthetic needs, cyanoacrylate has been applied with satisfactory results, when compared with sutures. It presents better coaptation of edges of cutaneous and mucosal lesions, smaller residual scars, and biocompatibility. However, it is limited to areas of little tissue tension. This work attempts to provide a literature review with the aim of revealing the advantages of using tissue adhesives, especially cyanoacrylates, in wound coaptation in comparison with conventional methods.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD25+ cell expression in the progression of periodontal disease.

It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of CD25+ cells in cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin-biotin complex and anti-CD25 antibody in 17 cases of CG and 25 cases of CP. Sixteen cases (94.1%) of CG were immunopositive. CD25 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of CD25+ cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning CP, all cases were immunopositive. CD25+ cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that CD25+ cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between CG and CP were found. The greatest density was observed in CP cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in periodontitis compared with gingivitis.

Use of cyanoacrylate in the coaptation of edges of surgical wounds / Aplicação do cianoacrilato na coaptação das bordas de feridas cirúrgicas

Cyanoacrylate has been used in several fields of different surgical specialties as an adhesive for closure of gingival flaps and in mucous and cutaneous lacerations. One of its advantages is that it has an excellent immunological response. In view of aesthetic needs, cyanoacrylate has been applied with satisfactory results, when compared with sutures. It presents better coaptation of edges of cutaneous and mucosal lesions, smaller residual scars, and biocompatibility. However, it is limited to areas of little tissue tension. This work attempts to provide a literature review with the aim of revealing the advantages of using tissue adhesives, especially cyanoacrylates, in wound coaptation in comparison with conventional methods.

O cianoacrilato tem sido utilizado em diversos campos das especialidades cirúrgicas como adesivo no fechamento de retalhos gengivais e em lacerações mucosas e cutâneas, além de apresentar uma ótima resposta imunológica. Tendo em vista as necessidades estéticas, o cianoacrilato tem sido aplicado com resultados satisfatórios quando comparado aos fios de sutura, pois apresenta melhor capacidade de coaptação das bordas de uma lesão de pele e mucosa, menor cicatriz residual e biocompatiblidade, estando limitado, entretanto, a zonas de baixa tensão tecidual. Frente a tais considerações, o presente trabalho busca desenvolver uma revisão literária, objetivando revelar as vantagens do uso dos adesivos teciduais, especialmente os cianoacrilatos, na coaptação de feridas, em detrimento da utilização dos métodos convencionais com fios de sutura.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD25+ cell expression in the progression of periodontal disease

It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of CD25+ cells in cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin-biotin complex and anti-CD25 antibody in 17 cases of CG and 25 cases of CP. Sixteen cases (94.1%) of CG were immunopositive. CD25 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of CD25+ cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning CP, all cases were immunopositive. CD25+ cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that CD25+ cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between CG and CP were found. The greatest density was observed in CP cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in periodontitis compared with gingivitis.

Foi avaliado o perfil imunohistoquímico das células CD25+ em casos de gengivite (CG) e periodontite crônica (CP). A imunohistoquímica foi realizada utilizando o complexo de streptoavidina-biotina e o anticorpo anti-CD25 em 17 casos de CG e 25 casos de CP. 16 casos (94.1%) de CG foram imunopositivos. O CD25 foi expresso focalmente em 50% da amostra e difusamente em 25% dos casos. As células imunomarcadas estavam localizadas não apenas no epitélio, mas também por todo o tecido conjuntivo. Em relação à quantificação da densidade celular de células CD25+, o escore ++ foi o mais comum. Em relação a CP, todos os casos foram imunopositivos. As células CD25+ foram expressas em padrão ora focal ora difuso, tanto no epitélio como no conjuntivo. A distribuição difusa das células positivas apenas no tecido conjuntivo foi observada em 60% dos casos, e 32% dos casos exibiram padrão celular ora focal ora difuso. 16 casos (64%) foram considerados como escore +++. Identificamos que as células CD25+ estão presentes em padrão ora focal ora difuso no tecido conjuntivo. Diferenças significantes na densidade da imunomarcação celular entre CG and CP foram encontradas. A maior densidade celular foi observada na periodontite, sugerindo que o infiltrado de linfócitos mostrou um maior grau de ativação celular na periodontite comparada à gengivite.

Knowledge of the physical properties and interaction of laser with biological tissue in dentistry.

The trend in dentistry is to incorporate less invasive methods to minimize pain and discomfort during and after dental intervention. Therefore, it is believed that laser therapy is an excellent treatment option, since it has beneficial effects for the irradiated tissues, such as activation of microcirculation, production of new capillaries, inflammatory and analgesic effects, in addition to stimulation of growth and cell regeneration. The comprehension of the interaction between lasers and tissue is based mainly on understanding the reactions that can be induced in those tissues by laser. This work intends to show how important it is to know the physical properties of laser as well as its interactions with biological tissues, since its effects and mechanisms of action are complex and are the object of various studies to better understand its forms of application and indications.

Conhecimento das propriedades físicas e da interação do laser com os tecidos biológicos na odontologia / Knowledge of the physical properties and interaction of laser with biological tissue in dentistry

A tendência da odontologia é a incorporação de métodos menos invasivos com a finalidade de minimizar a dor e o desconforto durante e após as intervenções odontológicas. Por isso, acredita-se que a laserterapia seja uma excelente opção de tratamento, já que apresenta efeitos benéficos para os tecidos irradiados, como ativação da microcirculação, produção de novos capilares, efeitos anti-inflamatórios e analgésicos, além de estímulo ao crescimento e à regeneração celular. O entendimento da interação entre os lasers e os tecidos baseia-se principalmente no entendimento das reações que podem ser induzidas nesses tecidos pela luz laser. Este trabalho se propõe a mostrar a relevância do conhecimento das propriedades físicas do laser, bem como sua interação com os tecidos biológicos, considerando que os efeitos e os mecanismos de ação da luz laser são complexos e alvos de inúmeras pesquisas com vistas a um melhor delineamento de suas formas de aplicação e indicações.

The trend in dentistry is to incorporate less invasive methods to minimize pain and discomfort during and after dental intervention. Therefore, it is believed that laser therapy is an excellent treatment option, since it has beneficial effects for the irradiated tissues, such as activation of microcirculation, production of new capillaries, inflammatory and analgesic effects, in addition to stimulation of growth and cell regeneration. The comprehension of the interaction between lasers and tissue is based mainly on understanding the reactions that can be induced in those tissues by laser. This work intends to show how important it is to know the physical properties of laser as well as its interactions with biological tissues, since its effects and mechanisms of action are complex and are the object of various studies to better understand its forms of application and indications.

Ocorrência da doença periodontal e da sua relação com as maloclusões / Occurence of periodontal disease and its relation to malocclusions

Sabendo que alterações oclusais propiciam maior retenção de biofilme e, portanto, facilitam a instalação da doença periodontal, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a possível relação entre os diferentes tipos de maloclusões e a doença periodontal em pacientes atendidos nas clínicas do Departamento de Odontologia da UEPB, realizando uma análise das principais maloclusões presentes em uma amostra de 30 pacientes, relacionadas à tal patologia. Foram utilizados exames, tais como Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado, Registro Periodontal Simplificado e Índice de Sangramento Gengival, a fim de verificar a condição periodontal e o grau de higiene do paciente. Também foi realizada uma análise da oclusão, com a finalidade de dividir os grupos de estudo de acordo com o tipo de má oclusão que apresentavam. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de kruskal-wallis, com nível de significância de 5,0%. A maioria dos pacientes examinados apresentou maloclusão de Classe I (56,66%) e 80% da amostra exibiu apinhamento dentário. No que diz respeito ao grau de higiene bucal dos pacientes, verificou-se que a maioria apresentou um grau de higiene satisfatório (46,66%). A gengivite foi encontrada em 86,66% dos pacientes, e o índice de sangramento gengival mais prevalente variou de 0 a 25% (43,33%). Concluiu-se que a presença de sangramento gengival, de biofilme e de cálculo dentais usualmente é observada em pacientes portadores dos diferentes tipos de maloclusões, sendo a gengivite a condição periodontal mais frequentemente encontrada nessa população.

Knowing that occlusal alterations provide dental biofilm retention and, therefore, facilitate the progression of periodontal disease, this work had the objective of investigating the possible relation between the different kinds of malocclusions and periodontal disease in patients attended in clinics from Dentistry Department of UEPB, by analyzing the main kind of malocclusion presented by a sample of 30 patients, related to this pathology. It was used exams like Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) and Gingival Bleeding Index in order to verify the patient's periodontal condition and oral hygiene level. The occlusal analysis was also done in order to divide the groups according to the kind of malocclusion. It was used the kruskal-wallis test to statistical analysis, with significance level of 5,0%. Most of the examined patients presented malocclusion Class I (56,66%) and 80% of the sample presented dental crowding. Concerning to the hygiene level, it was observed that 46,66% of the patients presented a satisfactory level. Gingivitis was found on 86,66% of the sample. And the most prevalent gingival bleeding level was the one which varied from 0 to 25% (43,33%). We conclude that the presence of gingival bleeding, dental biofi1lm and calculus is usually observed in patients who present different kinds of malocclusion, and the gingivitis is the periodontal condition most frequently found among this population.

Avaliação do caráter psicogênico da halitose / Evaluation of the psychogenic character of halitosis

Introdução: A halitose é uma condição do hálito na qual este se altera de forma desagradável tanto para o paciente como para as pessoas com as quais se relaciona, podendo ou não significar uma condição patológica. Também é conhecida como hálito fétido, fedor da boca, mau hálito ou mau odor oral. O problema referente aos odores bucais sempre constituiu um fa-tor de preocupação para a sociedade e ainda hoje se mostra presente. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o caráter psicogênico da halitose em pacien-tes atendidos nas clínicas integradas do Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Metodologia: Os métodos utilizados para este fim in-cluíram: entrevista, com preenchimento de uma ficha clínica apropriada e aferição do grau de halitose pelo uso do aparelho Breath Alert. Resultados: 41,7% dos pacientes que apresentavam um odor leve no hálito não tinham autopercepção da halitose e 40% dos que exibiam odor moderado também não percebiam o odor de seu hálito. No entanto, 54% dos entrevistados que não apresentavam odor no hálito acreditavam ser portadores de halitose. Conclusão: Parece existir um cará-ter psicogênico da halitose, tendo em vista a ocorrência de sua percepção em indivíduos não portadores, e, de forma contrária, a halitose verdadeira muitas vezes não é percebida em virtude, provavelmente, de uma fadiga olfatória.